TLC #030: How Learning Happens - How To Unlock the Power of Prior Knowledge: Assessing Learners' Prior Knowledge
In this edition of the Learning Chronicle newsletter, we begin our exploration of the step-by-step guide of how to assess learners’ prior knowledge for effective teaching and learning.
Hi,
Here is your weekly dose of “The Learning Chronicle Newsletter” weekly curated content that leverages the learning sciences, data, and evidence-based research to help K–12 educators, stakeholders, and learners enable, support, and optimise for how learning happens while preparing learners for the future of work and solving real-world problems.
Welcome to all new subscribers. I am Omotayo Olorunfemi; a learning and development specialist. Check out the archive for previous editions using the first link above. Welcome!!! Once again.
One Learning Quote
“Learning is cumulative, growth is cumulative, progress is cumulative; every advancement is achieved as a function of precepts upon precepts, line upon line”. - Omotayo Olorunfemi
One Article
The first step in unlocking the power of prior knowledge in learners is assessing their prior knowledge.
Assessing learners' prior knowledge is a crucial step in understanding their current understanding and experiences related to a specific topic.
This learning template provides examples of methods and strategies to effectively assess learners' prior knowledge before beginning a new learning experience.
Step 1: Pre-Assessments
The first method of assessing learners' prior knowledge is through pre-assessments.
Pre-assessments are valuable tools for gauging learners' baseline knowledge and identifying knowledge gaps or misconceptions.
Here are some examples of pre-assessment techniques:
Pre-Test: Administer a short quiz or test that covers key concepts related to the upcoming learning topic. This helps identify what learners already know and areas that require further focus.
For example, in a science class, a pre-assessment could include multiple-choice questions about basic concepts and principles of the upcoming topic.
Concept Mapping: Ask learners to create concept maps or graphic organizers representing their understanding of the topic. This visual representation helps reveal their existing knowledge structure and connections.
concept mapping help students deepen their understanding. Deep learning occurs when students focus on the meaning of new concepts including how the new ideas fit with each other and with prior knowledge.
Below is an example of a concept map created for an introductory mathematics topic on fractions.
KWL Chart: The KWL chart is a graphic organizer that is a fantastic tool to engage your students with; it promotes critical thinking and facilitates their learning process.
The KWL chart stands for "What I Know," "What I Want to Know," and "What I Learned." It is a valuable tool to assess and activate prior knowledge, set goals for learning, and reflect on new understandings. This provides insights into their existing knowledge and stimulates curiosity.
The KWL chart is divided into three sections: "What I Know," "What I Want to Know," and "What I Learned." Here's how you can use it for assessing learners' prior knowledge using the example of a mathematics concept of fractions:
"What I Know" (K): Begin by asking students to share their existing knowledge about fractions. This step helps assess and activate their prior knowledge and builds a foundation for new learning. You can create a shared list on the board or a digital document.
Examples of what I know in fractions may include:
Fractions represent part of a whole
Fractions have numerators and denominators
Examples of fractions include ½, ¼. ⅛, and so on.
"What I Want to Know" (W): In this section, students generate questions or express their curiosity about fractions. You can encourage them to think about specific aspects of fractions they want to explore further. You can provide prompts or guide their thinking with open-ended questions.
Examples of what I want to know in fractions may include:
What happens when the numerator is greater than or equal to the denominator?
How can we simplify fractions?
How do fractions relate to real-life situations?
"What I Learned" (L): As students explore the concept of fractions, they record their new knowledge in this section. This step allows them to reflect on what they have learned and track their progress. They can add information, drawings, or even attach examples and visuals.
Examples of What I learned in fractions may include
The numerator indicates the number of parts that we have
The denominator indicates the total number of equal parts available
Fractions can be compared using the <,>, and = signs.
NOTE: At the assessing stage of prior knowledge, the section of the KWL chart we are most concerned with is the “What I Know” section.
Step 2: Surveys and Questionnaires
The next method for assessing prior knowledge is the use of surveys and questionnaires.
Surveys and questionnaires can provide valuable insights into learners' experiences, interests, and prior exposure to a topic. Consider the following approaches:
Background Survey: Create a survey that asks learners about their experiences, interests, and prior learning related to the topic. This helps you understand their personal connection and engagement with the subject matter.
Self-Reflection Prompts: You can also provide open-ended prompts that encourage learners to reflect on their prior experiences or understanding of the topic.
For example, you can ask them to describe a real-life situation where they encountered the topic and explain their thoughts or actions.
Step 3: Informal Discussions and Interviews
Engage learners in informal discussions or interviews to gather information about their prior knowledge. Here are some approaches:
Think-Pair-Share: Ask learners to think individually about the topic, pair up with a partner, and share their thoughts. This allows for peer-to-peer discussion, enabling learners to express their existing knowledge and perspectives.
One-on-One Interviews: Conduct brief interviews with individual learners to delve deeper into their understanding, experiences, and any misconceptions they may hold. This approach provides a more personalized and detailed assessment.
Step 4: Diagnostic Assessments
Diagnostic assessments are focused assessments that target specific concepts or skills related to upcoming learning.
Consider the following examples:
Conceptual Questions: Present learners with a set of questions that address the fundamental concepts or principles of the topic. Analyze their responses to identify common misconceptions or gaps in understanding.
Performance Tasks: Assign a task or activity that requires learners to demonstrate their skills or apply their knowledge in a practical context. Evaluate their performance to gain insights into their existing abilities and knowledge base.
Step 5: Portfolio Review
If learners have maintained a portfolio or collection of their work, review their previous assignments, projects, or essays to gauge their prior knowledge. Look for evidence of their understanding, critical thinking, and application of concepts related to the topic.
Assessing learners' prior knowledge is a vital step in designing effective learning experiences. By using pre-assessments, surveys, discussions, diagnostic assessments, and portfolio reviews, educators can gain valuable insights into learners' existing knowledge, misconceptions, and interests. These assessment methods help tailor instruction, bridge knowledge gaps, and create a more personalized and engaging learning journey.
One Video
This two-minute-plus video below, posted by Edutopia on YouTube, aptly sums up the critical need for prior knowledge in learners.
Why Prior Knowledge Wins the Game
One Learning Question
What is one habit you've formed that has had a significant impact on your life?
What We Are Reading
McKinsey on How to develop a problem-solving mindset
Edpost on ChatGPT: The Double-Edged Sword of AI in Education
McKinsey on How to master the seven-step problem-solving process
That’s it for this week.
What would you want me to write about? Tell me in the comment
Ensure that you keep learning and subscribe to this newsletter by clicking the button below: